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Sudoku Solving Techniques

2 min read

Sudoku solving techniques form a ladder. Each rung is a pattern you can learn in a few minutes, and each one unlocks puzzles the previous rungs could not crack. This page lists all 37 techniques we use, from the singles every beginner knows to the forcing nets behind our hardest Killer puzzles, in the order a solver actually needs them.

Classic and Killer Sudoku share most of the ladder. Killer adds nine cage-based techniques of its own, marked below. If you play only classic puzzles, skip the Killer entries; everything else applies to both.

How to use this ladder

Work from the top down. When you are stuck, the technique you need is almost always the simplest one you have not tried yet, not the fanciest one you know.

  • Basic strategies solve every Easy and most Medium puzzles. Master these before anything else.
  • Tough strategies are where Hard puzzles live. Wings, fish and the core Killer cage logic.
  • Diabolical strategies are chain-based. They need pencil marks and patience, and they solve Expert puzzles.
  • Extreme strategies are what our Master and Legendary puzzles demand. Long chains, locked sets and forcing logic.
  • Last resort is educated trial and error. Legitimate, but it teaches you nothing, so it stays at the bottom.
Example
The stall loop, in order:

  singles -> pairs / triples -> pointing pairs, box line reduction
          -> cage arithmetic (Killer only)
          -> wings and fish
          -> chains and colouring
          -> almost locked sets, forcing nets
          -> last resort

Drop back to the top after every placement.
TierWhat it addsWhere you meet it
BasicCounting candidates inside one unitEasy, Medium
ToughPatterns across two or three units, cage arithmeticHard
DiabolicalChains of linked candidatesExpert
ExtremeGrouped links, almost locked sets, netsMaster, Legendary
Last resortGuess and verifyAnything left over

The full ladder

Thirty-seven techniques in complexity order. Filter to the mode you play, or read straight down — every article links to the next rung.

Basic StrategiesCounting candidates inside one unit
Tough StrategiesPatterns across units, cage arithmetic
9X-Wing Sudoku TechniqueThe X-Wing Sudoku technique explained: how one digit locked into two columns across two rows lets you delete it everywhere else in those columns.10Chute Remote PairsChute Remote Pairs explained: how two matching bivalue cells in one band or stack use the third box to eliminate a digit from every cell that sees both.11Y-Wing Sudoku TechniqueThe Y-Wing Sudoku technique explained: how a pivot cell and two pincers with three shared digits force an elimination in every cell that sees both pincers.12W-Wing Sudoku TechniqueThe W-Wing Sudoku technique explained: two matching bivalue cells joined by a strong link on one digit force the other digit out of every shared peer.13Rectangle EliminationRectangle Elimination explained: how an empty rectangle inside one box plus a strong link on the same digit removes that candidate from a single distant cell.14Cage Splitting in Killer SudokuKillerCage splitting cuts a cage that crosses a box edge into two smaller cages with known sums. Learn the 45 rule setup, the arithmetic and the eliminations.15Multi-Cell Innies and OutiesKillerMulti-cell innies and outies apply the 45 rule to two or more leftover cells across one, two or three units in Killer Sudoku, turning them into a pseudo-cage.16Cage and Unit OverlapKillerCage and unit overlap uses a Killer cage's combinations to force a digit into one row, column or box, clearing it from the rest of that unit — and the reverse.17Hard Killer Sudoku CombinationsKillerHard Killer Sudoku combinations: how to prune a cage's combination list against current candidates and neighbouring cages when the sum has many options.18Rule of Parity in Killer SudokuKillerThe rule of parity uses odd and even arithmetic on Killer cage sums to force the parity of a single unknown cell and remove half of its candidates.19Cage Compare in Killer SudokuKillerCage compare links two cages that straddle the same unit: the difference between their sums forces a relation between their outside cells and cuts candidates.20Simple ColouringSimple Colouring chains a single digit's conjugate pairs in two colours. Learn both elimination rules and how to spot the pattern in hard Sudoku.21Naked and Hidden QuadsNaked and Hidden Quads lock four digits into four cells of one unit. Learn to spot both forms, apply them correctly and avoid the usual traps.22Swordfish Sudoku TechniqueThe Swordfish Sudoku technique extends the X-Wing to three rows and three columns. Learn the rule, the base and cover lines, and what it eliminates.23XYZ-Wing Sudoku TechniqueThe XYZ-Wing Sudoku technique uses a three-candidate pivot and two bivalue pincers to remove one digit. Learn the rule, the geometry and the pitfalls.
Diabolical StrategiesChains of linked candidates
Extreme StrategiesGrouped links, locked sets, nets
Last ResortGuess and verify

Where to practise

Every technique page ends with the difficulty level where the pattern first becomes necessary, so you can pick a matching puzzle and try it immediately. Start with easy Killer Sudoku for the cage basics, or hard classic Sudoku for wings and fish.